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We also found some evidence suggesting that the patterns and etiologies of violence Elsa Peretti vary for males with SMI compared with females with SMI. Although the prevalence of violence did not differ significantly by gender, and victimization history was associated bivariately with violence among male and female subjects alike, the effect of victimization in women was apparently mediated by mental health problems and homelessness, whereas in men the effect of violent victimization remained independently associated with violent behavior after adjustment for other significant risk factors (i.e., cohabitation, homelessness, exposure to community violence, and substance abuse).

This study is limited in several ways. The overall effect of mental disorder cannot be examined with Elsa Peretti Carved Heart bracelet data, since treatment for SMI was a requirement for study participation, and no comparison group without treated mental illness was included. The selection of a sample with SMI probably also attenuated the effects of certain demographic variables (e.g., male gender, known to increase risk of violence in the general population).5 Despite use of sample weighting and robust variance estimation techniques to improve generalizability, it is difficult to define with precision the population with treated major mental disorders to which our results should generalize.Because the data were gathered in a crosssectional survey, causal ordering cannot Elsa Peretti Starfish bracelet established, and causality thus should not be strongly inferred from our regression results. It is particularly difficult to interpret the association between recent victimization and violent behavior. Violence-prone individuals are likely both to perpetrate and to become victims of violent acts, given that their aggressive behavior may expose them to dangerous situations and physical confrontation.

The survey relied only on self-report to obtain sensitive personal information about Elsa Peretti Open Heart bracelet violent acts and about victimization. The validity and reliability of self-report measures of victimization and trauma exposure have been demonstrated in previous studies of comparable populations.51 Moreover, previous large-scale epidemiological studies have illuminated the relationship between violence and mental illness using only self-report measures.1,2 However, recent studies using composite indices of violence with multiple informants and record reviews3,6,30,31 have found higher rates of violence in psychiatric populations than those found in the present study, thus suggesting that our findings are probably conservative estimates of the true prevalence of violent Elsa Peretti Teardrop bracelet in persons with SMI. We found no evidence to suggest that the underreporting of violent acts was systematically related to any covari-- ate in a way that would bias our findings on factors associated with violence. However, the possibility still exists that nonrandom underreporting created a bias in our multivariate analysis.52A final limitation is that we did not examine variations in mental health treatment receipt, type, or intensity. It is thus impossible to conclude, from our data, whether mental health interventions or contact with service providers might lower the risk of violence in these subjects.