The 2 studies recruited participants randomly from all overnight and daytime Tiffany 1837 Interlocking circles necklace located in the city of St Louis that serve the homeless in numbers proportionate to the size of each shelter's roster, as well as from locations on systematically searched streets and other public areas where homeless people are known to congregate. In both studies, individuals were considered homeless if they had no stable residence and were living in a public shelter or in an unsheltered location without a personal mailing address, such as on the streets, in a car, in an abandoned building, or in a bus station. Individuals who resided in inexpensive hotels for less than 30 days also were included. Marginally housed persons, such as those living with friends or Tiffany Atlas Gold Circle Man Watches or those living in single-room-occupancy facilities, were not included. Fourteen consecutive days of literal homelessness were required for inclusion in the 2000 study.
A third data set included in our comparative analysis consists of data extracted from the St Louis site's first wave of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, which was collected between April 1981 and March 1982 (referred to as the 1980 ECA Tiffany Atlas Gold Circle Woman Watches in this report). ECA subjects were selected from 2 regions of the St Louis area: the city itself and a section of northeastern St Louis County that borders on the city of St Louis. These regions were selected for their economic similarity to the area from which the homeless data were collected. The excluded region was a 3-county area of suburban communities, small towns, and rural areas in St Charles, Lincoln, and Warren Counties.24 Not included in the ECA subsample were those who were institutionalized, such as in nursing homes, board and care homes or boarding homes, prison or jail, mental retardation facilities, mental hospitals, chronic hospitals, and Tiffany Atlas Man Dome Watch treatment centers.
Individuals were considered to have a lifetime history of homelessness if they responded affirmatively to either of 2 questions from the antisocial personality disorder section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule: (1) "Have you ever traveled around for a month or more without having any arrangements ahead of time and not Tiffany Atlas Man Watch how long you were going to stay or where you were going to work?" and (2) "Has there ever been a period when you had no regular place to live for at least a month or so?" From the St Louis ECA data set of 828 men and 1395 women, 69 men and 81 women provided an affirmative response to at least 1 of these 2 questions and identified an episode approximating homelessness at some time in their lives. The 1980 ECA study differs from the other 2 studies in its definition of homelessness (lifetime in the 1980 ECA study vs current episode of homelessness in the other 2 studies) and a sample not identified on the basis of current homelessness (although individuals included were subsclected for our study's analyses by history of homelessness).
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