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Research into families with gender-nonconforming children is newly Tiffany 1837 pendant, and the majority of families who seek services have been heterosexual parents. Hill, Menvielle, Sica, and Johnson (2010) identify two treatment philosophies, one to assist the child in accepting their natal sex as their true gender (Zucker & Bradley, 1995) and the other pioneering strategy to assist the child in their authentic (self-defined) identity (Vanderburgh, 2009). Ehrensaft (2009) refers to this authentic identity as the child's "True Self," based on D. W. Winnicott's theories of childhood identity development. Therapies to assist children in accepting their natal sex have been referred to as "reparative treatments," and have been widely criticized in part for recreating and reinforcing in Paloma Picasso Loving Heart pendant the same hostile social environment that negates the child's identity in the outside world (Lev, 2004b), essentially reinforcing their "False Self" (Ehrensaft, 2009). These older models of therapeutic treatment has been based on a set of assumptions (a) that one's gender should reflect one's natal sex, and (b) that heterosexuality is the preferred outcome for child development.

Newer treatment models are centered in accepting the children's emerging identity as authentic, Paloma Picasso Loving Heart Pendant viewing their behavior and affect as indicative of their innate identity (Brill & Pepper, 2008; Ehrensaft, 2009; Vanderburgh, 2009). It is an affirmative model of treatment (Pleak, 2009) that does not attempt to influence the gender trajectory; nor is it a goal to prevent homosexuality or transsexualism. The clinician listens to the child's narrative, and accepts diverse outcomes for the child, including transitioning their sex when still a child (Ehrensaft, 2009). Menvielle (2009) discusses the importance of working with the family system and helping them accept and affirm their child's emerging identity. It is necessary for parents to become Tiffany 1837 Lock pendant for their children, because these children often experience severe social stigma and discrimination, particularly in schools.

For gender-nonconforming children, treatment recommendations can include Mini Elsa Peretti Bean pendant a home-life that is less stereotypically gendered where the child has room to more fully explore their gender expression. For prepubescent children whose gender dysphoria is clearly unremitting, a social transition can allow them to live in their authentic identity, at home and school (Hill et al., 2010). Adolescents who persist in cross-sex identification can begin a medical transition in puberty (Cohen-Kettenis & Pfäfflin, 2003), and to date the results have been overwhelmingly positive; people who transition as youth have consolidated stable, authentic identities and do not exhibit regrets.